What type of cells are most at risk for heritable mutations from radiation exposure?

Reproductive cells, also known as germ cells, are the most at risk for heritable mutations from radiation exposure. When radiation interacts with these cells, it can cause changes in the DNA that can be passed on to future generations. This is due to the role of reproductive cells in the formation of sperm and eggs, which contribute genetic material to offspring. If mutations occur in these cells, they can be inherited by the next generation, leading to potential congenital malformations or genetic disorders.

In contrast, somatic cells, while also susceptible to radiation damage, do not contribute to hereditary information and thus do not pass mutations to offspring. Neural cells and skin cells, being non-reproductive somatic cells, similarly do not pose a risk for heritable mutations since any damage they sustain affects only the individual and does not transfer to future generations.