What is the primary target of radiation in mammalian cells?

The primary target of radiation in mammalian cells is DNA. When mammalian cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, the radiation can cause various types of damage to the DNA, such as single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, and base damage. This damage can interfere with the cell's ability to replicate and function correctly, leading to potential mutations, cell death, or carcinogenesis.

DNA is crucial because it contains the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of an organism. If the radiation-induced damage is not accurately repaired, it can lead to severe consequences, including cancer, as the integrity of genetic material is compromised. Although proteins and cellular membranes can also be affected by radiation, the most critical and direct effects are on DNA, making it the primary target for radiation within the cell.