What is a potential long-term effect of radiation exposure in humans?

One potential long-term effect of radiation exposure in humans is increased cancer risk. When cells are exposed to radiation, it can cause damage to the DNA within those cells. This damage may lead to mutations if the repair processes fail or if the mutations are not properly corrected. Over time, as these mutations accumulate, they can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark of cancer development.

The risk of developing cancer from radiation exposure is well-documented in various studies, including those on atomic bomb survivors and patients who received radiation therapy for other medical conditions. The relationship between dose and cancer risk is generally considered to be linear, meaning that even small doses of radiation can contribute to an increased risk of cancer over a prolonged period. This is particularly important in the context of radiation safety and health physics, where minimizing exposure is crucial in reducing the likelihood of adverse health outcomes like cancer.