Identify one key factor that affects the probability of radiation-induced cancer.

The dose of exposure to radiation is a critical factor affecting the probability of radiation-induced cancer because it directly correlates with the amount of energy deposited in tissues, which can lead to cellular damage and potentially initiate carcinogenesis. Higher doses of radiation are associated with an increased likelihood of DNA damage, mutations, and disruptions in normal cellular processes. This damage can accumulate over time and may lead to the development of cancerous cells.

Understanding the relationship between radiation dose and cancer risk is fundamental in radiation safety and protection. Regulatory guidelines often emphasize minimizing exposure while maximizing safety to reduce the risk of potential long-term effects, including cancer. The concept of a dose-response relationship, where risk increases with higher doses, underpins much of the research and policy surrounding radiation exposure.